CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Traditionally,
the high control in home and office environments takes place through switches
(on/off), deals and sliders (dimmers) and sometimes motion sensors. These
controls can be incorporated in the built environment such as walls, or
attached to lights that people place themselves (desk lamps, bed side lights).
This often leads to a jumble of controls each with their own location,
interaction style, and focus.
This
project is a demonstration of how a PC can be used as a control signal
generation subsystem capable of generating programmable control signals for
power equipment. Early studies reveal that using PC for power management was
often found to be up to 25% more than energy star compliant methods. However,
recent assessments have found higher rates, and was estimated that for power
management, Switching control is a good replacement for conventional pneumatic
or Electro chemical high voltage AC control. This equipment is capable of not
only control but energy management and system diagnostic functions. The PC
control in inherently has more accurate control because it reduces maintenance
and recalibration problems common with pneumatic and mechanical systems. It
offers other unique advantages like subsystem coordination, optimum start,
diversity analysis and retrofit identification.
This
design begins with the fact that a computer is needed to light bulbs of high AC
rating. This immediately suggests that an interface of the PC is needed to
handle the mismatch in voltage and currents between the PC and bulbs. Secondly the control data from the PC program
are logic levels in serial format and at high frequency. This again means that
the interface should understand the protocol of communication and convert it to
the necessary parallel control singed. Due
to lack of resources, the project will not be real but simulated. This system
will represent for more than just manual on/off control. The system comprises
of two major components, output device, and input device. Output devices work
behind the scenes to control the lights by switching them off or on. Input
device are the switcher i.e. the button or sensors.
1.2
STATEMENT PROBLEM
• No prior information whether a bulb
is dead or not
• There is always a problem of one or
two poles using one switch. That is each pole with a switch which could amount
to lots of expenses. Each pole with their own switch and location.
• It consumes ones time in the sense
that one will more from one pole to another. Just to one or off the light.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
This
professional documentation focuses on using a serial interface hardware built
on micro-controller and max 232 serial converters. to ensure that the high
negative -15 volts and + 15 volts of the serial RS232 comport is converted and
programmed to suit the CPC logic levels. The system is responsible for
controlling, energy management and system diagnostic functions. Tracking of all
lighting activities, especially bulbs. In a place where prepaid meter is in
use, it could help reduce the cost.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This
system is important considering the fact that only a push of a button can
switch off or on the light connected within the system. With this system, one
can easily be on his/her bed and switch off or on the lights.
The
system is safe therefore children can also switch off or on the light when
their parents or guardians are not close. The system is very necessary in the
sense that it gives you what you want at any needed time as well as keeping
track of all activities (i.e bulb).
1.5
SCOPE OF STUDY
The
research will focus on creating a computerized system that will switch on or
off light on the street and equally control the power aspect.
The
research will also focus on light bit microcontroller issues discreet digital
electronics in appliance control. Intel controllers that can complete
application are typically relegated to switches and times are also discussed.
It will be a system that maximizes the woking efficiency and user's
conveniency.
1.6
LIMITATION OF STUDY
One of
the major setbacks of this work is finance. Due to lack of finance, one could
not bring the system to life. Inadequate electricity also contributed to the
setback of this work.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Electrochemical: describe a mechanical device that is
powered or controlled by electricity. Relating machines powered by
electricity.
Pneumatic: the branch of physics with the
mechanical properties of air and other gases.
Retrofit Identification: To modify something such as a machine
or a building by adding newly developed parts or devices that were not
available where the machine or building was made.
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